本文主要向大家介绍听力短对话的宏观方法，无论四级还是六级，听前的充分预读是必要的，因为只有认真的预读才能找到选项中的规律，另外，短对话必须遵守的一个原则就是：先听到什么不太可能是正确选项，后听到的才可能是正确答案，没听到什么最有可能选择什么！！！以下以六级题为例！！

第一招：相关保留原则

当选项中有两项表达意思相近时，那么正确答案必在这两项之中！这时只需稍微听一听对话，即可知答案，如果出现了双重相关，便可直接确认正确选项，只需听完对话加之认证一下即可！

典型例题： 1999年12月第4题

4. A) Visiting the Browning.

B) Writing a postcard.

C) Looking for a postcard.

D) Filling in a form.

例题分析：B、C两项均含有 a poscard ，B、D两项均含有写...之意，即B、C和B、D构成双重相关，即可得出B为正确选项！

本题听力原文：

4. M: What\'s the matter? You\'ve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space.

W: I told the Browning I\'d send them a postcard. Now I don\'t know what to say.

Q: What\'s the woman doing?

第二招：异项保留原则

当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时，那么正确答案必在此二项中出现！如果出现双重异项，那么即可判断出正确答案，异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛！

典型例题： 1999年12月第6题

6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, either.

B) She can’t afford a computer right now.

C) The man can use her computer.

D) The man should buy a computer right away.

例题分析：B、C异项，B项的意思是她现在有电脑，C项的意思则是她现在没有电脑。B、D异项，B是说女方无电脑，而D是说男方无电脑，男女也是一种反意关系。所以根据双重异项原则可确定正确答案为B项！

本题听力原文：

6. M: I\'m frustrated. We\'re supposed to do our assignment on the computer, but I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library.

W: I understand the way you feel. I\'m looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own.

Q: What does the woman mean?

第三招：女士保留原则

做题做多了，我们应该了解西方人的思维方式，当对话中出现女士的建议和要求时，我们一定要注意，这时女士说出来的话很可能就是正确选项的异意！因为女士经常以女神的形象出面，她们代表的是美好、正面、阳光的信息！

典型例题： 1999年12月第9题

9. A) The man should stick to what he’s doing.

B) The man should take up a new hobby.

C) The man should stop playing tennis.

D) The man should find the cause for his failure.

例题分析：通过选项我们可以分析出男人做一些事情遇到了困难，这时一位女人出来安慰男人，根据女神原则可知女人一定会让男人坚持把这件事情做下去，而不要放弃，这样的题型太多了，所以可呈现出一定的规律性！

本题听力原文：

9. M: I think I\'m going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today.

W: Just because you lost? It that the reason to quit?

Q: What does the woman imply?

第四招：概括、抽象保留原则

当选项中出现比较概括、抽象的句子时，这时我们就要把表述事实的、具体的句子划掉，而去选择表概、抽象、比较性的句子！此原则可衍生出一个包含取大的原则，在作题时应用也是十分的广泛，一般当两个选项的意思接近时，表述比较全面的一般为正确选项！

典型例题：

7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures.

B) The guest lecturer’s opinion is different from Dr. Johnson’s.

C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.

D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college

例题分析：A、C、D均为表述事实的句子，只有B项为对比、比较的句子，较之A、C、D项更为抽象的表述了一件事情，所以B项为正确选项！

本题听力原文：

7. M: The visiting economist is speaking tonight, but Dr. Johnson doesn\'t seem to think much of him.

W: That\'s because Dr. Johnson comes from an entirely different school of thought.

Q: What do we learn from the woman\'s remark?

第五招：态度和虚拟保留原则

这两种方法一般无单独命题的规律性，只是作为上述四种宏观方法的辅助方法出现，当只剩下两个选项时，通常正态度的选项容易是正确答案，表虚拟的选项更容易是正确答案！

做听力短对话的微观方法，需要和宏观方法结合起来用，效果才会达到最佳。

一、常识法（中庸之道）

有些题依据自己所了解的知识和对西方文化的了解就能准确的判断出正确选项！

典型例题一：2000年12月第10题

10. A. Tom has arranged a surprise party for Lucy.

B. Tom will keep the surprise party a secret.

C. Tom and Lucy have no secrets from each other.

D. Tom didn't make any promise to Lucy.

例题分析：阅读完选项即可得出文中对话的人想为第三个人准备一个party，我们依据常识当然可判断选择B项，尤其是以西方人的思维方式，他们一定会想给第三者一个惊喜，而保守这个秘密！

听力原文：

10. W: I don't think we should tell Tom about the surprising party for Lucy.

M: It's all right. He promised not to tell, and he does not make promises likely.

Q: What does the man mean?

典型例题二：2003年6月第3题

3. A) John can share the magazine with her.

B) She wants to borrow John's card.

C) She'll let John use the journal first.

D) John should find another copy for himself.

例题分析：这到题就是非常典型的常识题，当别人跟你借东西的时候，这时你们两个都要用这样东西，根据正常的人际交往来判断，当然那位女士会回答我们可以共同来享用！

听力原文：

3. M: Hey, where did you find the journal? I need it, too.

W: Right here on the shelf. Don't worry, John. I'll take it out on my card for both of us.

Q: What does the woman mean?

二、枪打出头鸟

当选项中只有一项有数字时，而文章中提及了数字，则这个选项是错误选项，如果文章中没有提及到这个数字，那么通常该选项为正确选项！下面两道例题就没什么可讲解的了，这只是一种微观技巧而已！大家自己看看例题和原文自己体会一下就明白了！

典型例题一：2000年12月第4题

4. A. It gives a 30% discount to all customers.

B. It is run by Mrs. Winter's husband.

C. It hires Mrs. Winter as an adviser.

D. It encourages husbands to shop on their own.

听力原文：

4. M: Mrs. Winter, I need your advice, I want to buy a dress for my wife, can you tell me where I can get one at a reasonable price?

W: Sure, go to Richard's. It has the latest styles and gives a 30% discount to husbands who shop alone.

Q: What do we know about Richard's shop?

典型例题二：2002年6月第7题

7. A) Neither of their watches keeps good time.

B) The woman’s watch stopped 3 hours ago.

C) The man’s watch goes too fast.

D) It’s too dark for the woman to read her watch.

听力原文：

7. W: It’s awfully dark for 4 o’clock .Do you think it’s going to rain ?

M: You’d better to something about that watch of yours .It must have stopped hours ago .Mine says

Q: What does the woman mean ?

三、相对陌生词

当选项中出现相对陌生的高级词汇或词组时，那么这一项很可能就是答案！

典型例题：2001年12月第2题

2. A) Its results were just as expected.

B) It wasn’t very well designed.

C) It fully reflected the students’ ability.

D) Its results fell short of her expectations.

例题分析：fall short of one's expectations 是相对陌生的词组，是出乎某人意料的意思，所以选D项。

听力原文：

2．M: How many students passed the final physics exam in your class?

W: Forty, but still as many as 20 percent of the class failed, quite disappointing, isn't it?

Q: What does the woman think of the exam?

四、因果关系否定法（因果取因）

当几个选项都是正确的、合理的解释时，最根本的原因才是正确答案！

典型例题一：2003年9月第2题

2. A) The woman has a very tight budget.

B) He does not think the fur coat is worth buying.

C) He's willing to lend the woman money for the fur coat.

D) The woman is not careful enough in planning her spending.

例题分析：由原文可知，女人抱怨想买衣服但是没有钱了，男人说她没有budgeted your money better，乍一看A、D都像是正确的，但A项的a very tight budget是由D项的not careful enough in planning her spending导致的，所以D项才是最佳选项！

听力原文：

2. W: I certainly would like to buy the fur coat I saw in the department store, but I don’t have enough money.

M: Well, if you had budgeted your money better, you would be able to buy it now.

Q:What does the man imply?

典型例题二：2000年6月第2题

听力原文：

2. M: The new sales manager says he have never met you before.

W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful.

Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager?

五、绝对枪毙法

当某个选项说法比较绝、偏激时，那么这个选项就可以排除。

典型例题一： 2000年6月第10题

10. A) Students with a library card can check any book out.

B) Reference books are not allowed to be checked out.

C) Only students with a library card can check out reference books.

D) The number of books a student can check out is unlimited.

例题分析：c项含有Only，所以C项可排除。

听力原文：

10. M: I thought the librarian said we could check out as many books as we need without our library cards.

W: That's right, but not those reference books.

Q: What does the woman mean?

典型例题二： 2000年12月第1题

1. A. The man thinks travelling by air is quite safe.

B. The woman never travels by plane.

C. Both speakers feel nervous when flying.

D. The speakers feel sad about the serious loss of life.

例题分析：B项含有never，所以B项可排除。

听力原文：

1. W: Have you heard about the plane crash yesterday? It caused a hundred and twenty deaths. I am never at ease when taking a flight. M: Though we often hear about air crashes and serious casual deeds, flying is one of the safest ways to travel.

Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

六、所非定律

顾名思义，就是听到的不是正确答案！先听到什么不太可能是正确选项，后听到的才可能是正确答案，没听到什么最有可能选择什么！几乎每道题都会用到这条定律！